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行道樹的種植及其對沖出道路交通事故的影響

文檔作者：虞將苗，王端宜，錢琪文檔來源：華南理工大學(xué)土木與交通學(xué)院			點擊數(shù)：
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2014年第 3期 Guang廣Do東ng 公Gon路gL交u Ji通ao Tong 總第 132期
文章編號：1671—7619(2014)03—0054—08
行道樹的種植及其對沖出道路
交通事故的影響
Masley Kwaku Julius，虞將苗，王端宜，錢琪
(華南理工大學(xué)土木與交通學(xué)院，廣州510641)
摘要：作為道路景觀設(shè)計的一個分支，行道樹的設(shè)計被列為車輛沖出路外(ROR)交通事故的主要原因。因為在
ROR事故中，行道樹是被撞擊最多的固定物體，因此，許多研究人員建議取消行道樹的種植，以創(chuàng)造足夠清晰的
區(qū)域。通過分析其它研究人員和機構(gòu)統(tǒng)計的可用數(shù)據(jù)，研究并深入探討了行道樹的種植對ROR事故的影響。
結(jié)果表明，行道樹只是ROR撞車事故的最終接收者。我們迫切需要確定車輛沖出道路的原因，以制定解決ROR
事故的最佳方案。此外，道路設(shè)計和道路景觀因素中對安全措施進行系統(tǒng)編碼可以顯著影響駕駛?cè)藛T的駕駛行
為，并由此降低ROR事故的發(fā)生頻率和嚴重程度。
關(guān)鍵詞：高速公路景觀；沖出路外事故；行道樹
中圖分類號：U417．9 文獻標(biāo)識碼：B
0 Introduction
Trees are the most memorable aspect o±the road—
side planting and are valued as a resource along our
highways and city streets．Whiles trees provide many
benefits，they have also been cited as the major cause
of run—of-roadway (ROR)accidents on the road．
ROR can be describe as a vehicle leaving the road
and encroaching onto the shoulder and beyond and
striking one or more of any number of natural or artifi—
cial objects，such as bridge wails，poles，embankments，
guardrails，parked vehicles，and trees．Trees
impacts are generally fatal and remain the most corn—
monly struck roadside objects in ROR collisions and
thus has been cited as the major cause of run—ofroadway
accidents on the roadway．
A comprehensive review by Dixon and W olf
(2007) on the social，environmental，and eeo．
nomic benefits of trees and their safety risks，found
no indication that roadside trees posed a significant or
constant safety risk． According to the researchers
findings they suggested that，the risk posed by road—
side trees may be blown out of proportion or conflated
with other variables，and should be thoroughly exam—
ined for future designs．Wolf 2006 L2 J conducted a Ha．
tional study of crash data and among others estab—
lished that， the average speed of crashes involving
trees was 22．53 kph faster than the average speed of
all crashes combined．a(chǎn)nd that the relative risk of a
fatal ROR crash will increase as the speed increased．
Topp(1990) also indicated that appropriate tree
planting and landscaping has a psychological effect of
reducing driving speed ． An NHCRP report by
Neuman et a1．2003 L4 J concluded that obieets located
near the roadside can produce a more severe impact
than obiects away．
Statistics in W ashington State indicate that about
one．．fourth of trafi c accidents are associated with ve．．
hieles running of the road．For example，9，903 out
of the 44．523 vehicular accidents that occurred in
1 994 were related to crashes with roadside fixed ob．
iects．The numbers were 10，158 out of 47，028 in
1995。and l1．903 out of50，635 in 1996．In the U．
S．，single—vehicle run—of-roadway accidents result in
over a million highway crashes with roadside features
every year．Such accidents account for one third of all
hilghway fatalities，with an estimated societal cost of
基金項目i中國國家自然科學(xué)基金(NO．51278203)
作者簡介：Masley Kwaku Julius(中文名：馬朱力)(1976．08一)，男，加納人，研究生，主要研究方向為路面材料和路面結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)
計。E—mail：julimas2@yahoo．con．

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